Nationalism and Iranshahri Thought in the Transition of Monarchy from Qajar to Pahlavi
Keywords:
First Pahlavi, Iranshahri thought, Qajar monarchy, nationalismAbstract
Nationalism, established as one of the principal and essential ideologies of the modernization movement with the success of the Constitutional Revolution, assumed a central role in the intellectual transformations of the Reza Shah era. Iranshahri thought is among those intellectual currents that can be regarded as a revivalist return to Iran’s ancient cultural heritage. This discourse was primarily shaped by Western-educated intellectuals and the political elites of Iranian society in opposition to Qajar despotism and in pursuit of creating a modern state. The reign of Reza Shah (1925–1941) is considered a formative and influential period in laying the intellectual foundations of modern Iran, due to the regime’s efforts to establish a modern state, expand Westernization, and the endeavors of Reza Shah and intellectuals to legitimize the Pahlavi monarchy by linking it with the ancient Iranian monarchies. The rise of Reza Shah coincided with widespread domestic conflict, insecurity, and political unrest across the country. Intellectuals, with an emphasis on nationalism and patriotism, engaged in a reevaluation of the past and the actions of ancient Persian kings, seeking to revive national pride and promote nationalism by presenting new interpretations of history that could restore the former glory of ancient Iran.
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