Exploring the Foundations of Human Rights in Iran's Policies with a Focus on the Holy Quran and its Comparison with the Western World Centered on the United Nations Charter

Abstract

With the globalization of the concept and subject of human rights and its impact on international relations, as well as the projection of states' foreign policies, the study and examination of human rights in international relations theories have become important and necessary. Unlike today, bilateral and multilateral interactions between countries have never been as prominent in foreign policy, without affecting national security. However, the criteria for determining rights concerning individuals, societies, and sometimes the living environment and even human thought differ and occasionally conflict in this regard. In this research, considering the Islamic world, especially Iran, and the Western world, the foundations of each of these schools are examined to identify the principles and roots of these two schools, as well as their similarities and differences. In examining Iran, after conducting research in this area, five fundamental rights are mentioned: the right to life, the right to human dignity, the right to freedom, the right to equality, and the right to education and upbringing. In the second part of the study, after examining Western human rights focusing on the Charter and reviewing the Universal Declaration and its two covenants along with a detailed study of human rights conventions and treaties internationally led by Europe and America, the opinions of Western thinkers are also reviewed, confronted with five fundamental rights, such as the right to peace and security in the UN Charter, which is a fundamental and prominent right.