Economy and Society in Modern Political Theology

Abstract

This study aims to explain the position of economy and society in modern political theology. Classical sociological theories, each from a different perspective, elucidate a kind of secular philosophy of history that is intrinsically linked to the modern era, with the goal of worldly progress and development. Therefore, the core of this secular philosophy of history is the idea of worldly progress. According to the logic of modernity, as classical sociological theories suggest, modern secularism, meaning the elimination of the role of theology in explaining social matters, is the only path to achieving progress and development in its modern sense. On the other hand, adherence to theological explanations of society is the most significant obstacle to progress and development. In other words, the modern perspective in the West has fundamentally formed by eliminating and sidelining the theological view of society and its manifestations in social life. This research is theoretical in nature and has been conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. The main question it seeks to answer is: What is the position of economy and society in modern political theology? Modernity has an economic foundation related to the increase of financial resources, rational spirit, and work discipline, leading to a capitalist system. In the political domain, the discussion centers on human self-determination, which in the West started from the process of nation-states, moved to civil society, and later to the democratic system.