The Role of Gholamhossein Khan Shahab al-Molk in the Political and Social Stability of the Poshtkooh Government (Late Qajar Period)

Abstract

The Poshtkooh region in the late Qajar period witnessed various manifestations of instability. Border disputes with the Ottomans, political conflicts, lack of oversight by officials, economic issues, and widespread migration of residents had resulted in political and social instability. Gholamhossein Khan Shahab al-Molk, who had an active presence in politics and governance, undertook actions in the economic, social, and political spheres to repair and improve the existing situation in the region in the absence of political institutions. This study seeks to answer the question: What role did Gholamhossein Khan Shahab al-Molk play in the political and social stability of the Poshtkooh government in the late Qajar period? It also tests the hypothesis that Shahab al-Molk, with competence and adherence to the law, by regulating the relations between the government and its subjects, and by assuring dispersed groups, was able to enhance the political and social stability of the Poshtkooh government in the late Qajar period. This research has been conducted using a descriptive-analytical method, and some of the documents and records reviewed in this study are being published for the first time. Additionally, Huntington's theory has been employed as the theoretical framework of the research. The findings of the study indicate that Shahab al-Molk, with good conduct and adherence to the requirements of supervision and care for the residents, was able to organize dispersed groups and, by operating within the framework of norms, assist in the fulfillment of bureaucratic duties and the delivery of residents' rights, thereby improving stability in the Poshtkooh government.