Journal of Social-Political Studies of Iran's Culture and History

The Legitimacy of the Safavid State and the Formation of Shi'a Religious Institutions

Nosratkhatoon alavi *

Various components influence the formation of the culture of any nation or the followers of any religion. A comprehensive examination of the cultural history of any nation requires attention to all the causes and factors involved in the formation process of their cultural history. Among these causes and factors is the function of religion, which is considered one of the most influential elements in the cultural history of nations. In examining the Safavid rule, religion and its associated forces play a significant role. In fact, the government that Shah Ismail I established in 1501 was a religious government based on the existing religious indicators in society. The Safavid rulers managed to accelerate the process of forming their worldly power by relying on religious institutions. The role of religion in the formation, legitimization, continuity, and eventual decline of the Safavid state is entirely evident. Although the Safavid state was formed on the basis of religion and religious forces, the element of culture and its evolutionary course flourished significantly with the establishment and consolidation of the government. This study examines the role of religion and Shi'a Islam in the culture of Safavid-era Iran. The most significant achievement and finding of this work is the identification and analysis of some beliefs, rituals, institutions, and Shi'a symbols that had a positive role in shaping the culture of Iranians during this period. Thus, this text will explore the factors and subjects that influenced the social and cultural behavior and practices of Iranians during the Safavid era.

The Authoritarianism of the Umayyads and the Confrontation With the Hashemites

MohammadHossein Taghipour

, Mohammad Nabi Salim *

, Ahmad Ashrafi

During the 5th and 6th centuries AD, the Quraysh clan dominated the land of Hijaz and its important city of Mecca, and with the support of holding the keys to the Kaaba and commercial activities, its two clans, Bani Hashim and Bani Umayya, benefited from abundant prestige and wealth. It created a competition between the Hashemites and the Umayyads, which had a great impact on the political and social-cultural history of the Arabian Peninsula.

This article, using a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to reread the causes and factors of the confrontation between the Umayyads and the Hashemites over the authoritative and comprehensive leadership in Hijaz and Najd and on the threshold of the rise of Islam. The result of the research shows that despite the equality of social status of the two clans, the elevation of the Hashemian social base compared to the superiority of the Umayyad economic power, as well as the belief of the Hashimes in the minimal distance between the people in power and the people, gave them the opportunity to have a popular and legitimate position, different from the Umayyads. and this acceptability aroused the Umayyads' jealousy and sympathy.

Examining the Life and Reasons for the Banishment of Abu al-Fath Busti from the Court of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni

Zahra Fallah Haghighy Seyghalani

; Seyed Ali Akbar Abbaspour *

; Ramazan Seyghal

Abu al-Fath Ali ibn Muhammad al-Busti (born 942–947 CE, died 1009 or 1010 CE) was one of the prominent poets, secretaries, and scholars of the 10th century CE. In his birthplace, he studied under renowned figures such as Ibn Hibban al-Busti (d. 965 CE) and later, in his youth, entered the court of Emir Bust Bay Toz, assuming the role of his vizier. After the city was conquered by Sabuktigin in 978 CE, he became one of Sabuktigin’s close associates and took charge of his correspondence office. His career flourished during the early reign of Mahmud of Ghazni (r. 999–1030 CE) until he fell out of favor with the sultan for unknown reasons. This turn of events led him to Turkestan, where he eventually passed away. The exact reason(s) for his dismissal are unclear, but some conjectures can be made based on existing evidence. Intrigues by rivals and the jealousy of courtiers and bureaucrats, notably Vizier Abu'l-Abbas Isfaraini, Sultan Mahmud’s biased views, the prevailing atmosphere at the court, Busti’s personal interests and beliefs, and his support for Ilik Khan all likely contributed to his downfall.

Critical Factors of Slacktivists (Virtual Supporters) Regarding the COVID-19 Crisis in Iran

Maryam Khorsand

; Seyed Ali Rahmanzadeh *

; Seyed Vahid Aghili

, Nowroz Hashem Zahi

https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.1.21

The physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic led individuals to increasingly utilize modern communication technologies, particularly social networks, where slacktivists, as users of these networks, expressed their concerns. The aim of this study is to identify the primary, secondary, and organizing themes of the critical factors raised by slacktivists concerning the COVID-19 crisis in Iran. The approach of this research is qualitative, with data collected through exploratory interviews until theoretical saturation was reached, involving 10 experts in communication and health. The thematic analysis method was used for data analysis. Six organizing themes were identified: "government performance, lack of statistical and informational dissemination from official networks and institutions, dissemination of non-scientific content, rumors, lack of oversight on individuals' activities in cyberspace, and the weakness of specialized and responsible groups in providing accurate information." Slacktivists specifically criticized the government's failures in controlling the spread of COVID-19. They pointed out that some countries were able to respond more effectively to the pandemic. These critiques are grounded in the belief that structural challenges in the health and social systems, along with the weakness of responsible institutions in providing accurate information, contributed to the inadequate control of the COVID-19 crisis.

Examination of Educational Institutions and Centers in the History of Islam and Iran

Shir Zaman Rasa ; Ramazan Seyghal ; Abdollah Rajaee Litkohi

The culture of any society, being its essence and a factor for the continuity and cohesion of its members, is directly related to its population and people; as the members of society are the transmitters of culture to the next generation and the cause of its perpetuation. Every society endeavors to institutionalize various aspects of its culture among its members through different means and thereby organize the behaviors and actions of its members. On the other hand, social changes and sometimes cultural transformations occurring in the deeper layers of culture necessitate the alignment of norms and beliefs so that the ideals and actions of society members become unified. This crucial task was accomplished through the cooperation of political institutions, family, and education. Educating individuals is one of the effective ways of expanding and deepening the culture of society, socializing individuals, and institutionalizing values and norms. If properly carried out in society, it reduces the costs of social control and subsequent deviations. Hence, throughout history, educational institutions have held importance alongside political and ideological issues. Before establishing specific places for education, these were taught in religious places along with ideological matters, becoming part of beliefs and beliefs part of education. The history of education in Iran narrates the story of education and educational and scientific centers, as well as educational customs, which have evolved from ancient times to recent periods, undergoing numerous changes and fluctuations. Since the history of education and training is the narration of the course of thought and philosophy and speaks of the achievement of human culture and civilization, this is attained through education. Awareness of this history is a means for retrieving and recognizing the foundations and elements of culture and civilization and paying attention to the philosophy and goals of education in each society.

Validation of the Family Economic Efficiency Model with a Cultural Approach, Emphasizing the Iranian-Islamic Lifestyle

Mojtaba Fakhari

; Ali Rashidpoor *

; Siamak Korang Beheshti

https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.3.15

The aim of this study is to validate the family economic efficiency model with a cultural approach, emphasizing the Iranian-Islamic lifestyle. This research is applied, and its approach is quantitative. The statistical population of the research in the quantitative section consisted of 135 individuals, from which a sample size of 100 people was selected using the Morgan table. The data collection tool in this section was a researcher-made questionnaire, which included the components identified in the conceptual model of Fakhari et al. (2023). To ensure the validity of the questionnaire, its face validity was confirmed by the supervisor and a number of members of the statistical community, including university professors. Its content validity was also confirmed by the supervisor. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.8. To validate the model derived from the identified information, a structural equation modeling approach based on variance was used. The results showed that the identified factors were categorized into five main concepts: causal conditions, intervening factors, contextual factors, outcomes, and strategies (with different sub-concepts).

Women's Political Participation in Mazandaran Province and the Socio-Cultural Factors Affecting It

Zeynab Soltani

; Abolghasem Heydarabadi *

; Manouchehr Pahlavan

, Fatemeh Hashemnejad Abrasi

https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.3.14

The aim of this study is to examine and investigate the socio-cultural factors influencing women's political participation in Mazandaran. The theoretical framework is based on the perspectives of Robert Putnam, Habermas, Lerner, Milbrath, and Lipset. The research method is a survey, and the unit of analysis is women over 18 years of age. The sampling method is multi-stage cluster sampling, and the sample size, according to Cochran's formula, is 384 individuals. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. Data analysis methods include Pearson correlation coefficient, path analysis, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS software. Face validity was used to assess validity, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the dependent variable of political participation was 0.885, indicating the reliability of the variables. The findings showed that the average political participation in both the objective and subjective dimensions of political participation was moderate. About 8.9% reported very low levels of political participation. Approximately 17.7% indicated low participation, about 33.8% reported moderate participation, about 21.4% reported high participation, and about 14.6% reported very high political participation. There is a positive and direct relationship between the variables of social capital, political socialization, the extent of media use, cultural capital, religiosity, and the level of social security with the level of political participation in both objective and subjective dimensions. Regression analysis shows that 41.2% of the variance in women's political participation is related to the independent variables. The highest explanation of variance and changes in women's political participation belong to the variables of political socialization and social capital, respectively. In conclusion, strengthening and enhancing social and cultural capital, the feeling of security, socialization, political socialization, and religious beliefs can play a significant role in shaping women's attitudes towards political participation in both the subjective and objective dimensions of political participation, encouraging women residing in the cities of Mazandaran province to increase their political participation in various social arenas.

Ispahbads of Tabarestan and Convergence with Islamic Civilization

Afshin Zahed

; Mohammad Nabi Salim *

; Mirza Mohamad Hassani

https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.2.4.23

The history of Tabarestan or Mazandaran, a part of the lush and elongated expanse located between the Caspian Sea and the Alborz Mountains, has witnessed many transformations in connection with the history of Iran and Islam. Despite the Arab Muslim advance into the vast majority of Southwest Asia, due to its unique climatic conditions and distinct social characteristics, Tabarestan resisted the influence of the Islamic political system and the acceptance of the new culture and religion. One of the reasons for this resistance was the presence of independent ruling dynasties known as the Ispahbads, whose rulers outwardly accepted the sovereignty of the Arab caliphs to preserve their hereditary power, until the rise of the Alavids and Daylamites diminished their influence. This research, aiming to investigate the nature and process of political relations between the Ispahbad dynasties of Tabarestan and the Islamic Caliphate during the 7th to 10th centuries CE, employs a descriptive-analytical method to discuss the nature and reasons behind the interaction and confrontation between the local rulers of Tabarestan and the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphs, seeking to uncover the hidden aspects of local history in this period. The research findings indicate that the Ispahbads of Tabarestan, by implementing a dual and pragmatic policy, sought to safeguard the ancient structure of their political system and the homogeneous fabric of their subordinate society in Tabarestan from transformation, thereby contributing to the continuity of the existing status quo. However, with the arrival of new actors, most of them ceded the field to the emerging players in the political and power arena of medieval Iran.

About the Journal

The Journal of Social-Political Studies of Iran's Culture and History is published to enhance the academic and specialized level of the community and to introduce the scientific and research activities and investigative articles of faculty members, researchers, and scholars.

Objectives: Efforts and collaboration to develop political and social research in the contemporary history of Iran; commitment to establishing research areas and political and social studies in the contemporary history of Iran; creating convergence between political sciences and social sciences as fields of humanities.

Scope: Publication of scientific articles on various political and social aspects of the lives of the people of Iran throughout its contemporary history, with an emphasis on the following areas: theoretical and methodological discussions in the field of political and social studies; social and political strata and classes; social and political beliefs; social policies and political communities; social and political institutions; comparative studies of political and social fields of Iran and other countries; livelihood and daily life; population and migration; natural disasters; diseases; health and medicine; rural and urbanization; customs and traditions; pastoral and nomadic life; and other specific areas of research in political and social studies.

Current Issue

Vol. 3 No. 3 (2024): Serial Number 11

Published: 2024-09-08

Research

The Relationship Between Public Policy in the Domain of Public Economic Law Policy

Tayyebeh Ettehad Nezhad

; Rohollah Rahimi

; Babak Baseri

, Hamid Zarabi

1-19
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.3.1
Ethics-Oriented and Anti-Ethical Political Conduct of Rulers in the Political Society of Iran Based on Karen Horney's Theory: A Review of Historical Books

Mohammad Javad Safdel Tehrani

; Ali Akbar Amini *

; Ahoura Rahbar

20-36
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.3.2
Confrontation and Cooperation between the Clergy and Constitutional Intellectuals

Behzad Alipoor Jenagard

37-55
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.3.3
A Sociological Analysis of the Role of Good Governance in Social Cohesion (Case Study: Citizens of Garmsar City)

Ahmad Amiri

; Nayer Pirahari *

; Mojtaba Sedaghati Fard

56-71
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.3.4
Explanation and Analysis of the Function of Religious Rites and Rituals in the Lives of Shia Iranians During the Qajar Period

Masoumeh Khodaie

; Soheila Torabi Farsani *

; Feizollah Boushasb Gousheh

72-87
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.3.5
تحلیل روش‌شناسی فضای مجازی و تأثیرات آن بر هویت و اقتدار سیاسی فرد

Mehdi Mehr Azin

; Masood Moeinipoor *

88-110
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.3.6
A Comparative Study of the Modernization of Cultural and Identity Components in Islamic Art with Emphasis on Globalization

Sara Jahangiri

; Mohammadreza Sharifzadeh *

; Mohammad Kazem Hassanvand

111-130
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.3.7
The Role of the Second Pahlavi Government in the Establishment and Promotion of the Tourism Industry in the Persian Gulf

Hasan Zandiyeh *

; Maede Azizi Khalkhali

131-148
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.3.8
An Analytical Study of Multidimensional Poverty in Urban and Rural Areas of Iran

Ali Salari

; Mohsen Zayandehroody *

; Seyed Abdolmajid Jalaee Esfandabadi

149-162
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.3.9
The Security Situation in the Pusht-e Kuh Government in the Late Qajar Era and the Role of Gholam Hossein Khan Shahab al-Mulk in It

Abdolreza Shojaee

; Majid Golparvar *

; Ali Rahimisadegh

163-179
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.3.10
An Approach to the Common Variables of Iranian Music and Architecture Based on Evidence from Architectural Facades of the Socio-Historical Qajar Period

Ehsan Shafaq Nioulooi

; Shabnam Akbari Namdar *

; Nasim Najafgholipour

180-199
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.3.11
The Impact of Security Arrangements in West Asian Countries on the National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran: A Copenhagen School Perspective

Shahram Mohammadi

; Farshid Jafaripaibandi *

; Mahdi Khoshkhatti

200-219
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.3.12
Economic Performance of Nasser Gholi Ardalan (Representative of Sanandaj in the Fourteenth to Sixteenth Terms of the National Consultative Assembly)

Saeed Zolfaghari

; Kaivan Shafei *

; Seyed Mohammad Sheikhahmadi

, Mohammad Ghorban kiani

220-235
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.3.13
Women's Political Participation in Mazandaran Province and the Socio-Cultural Factors Affecting It

Zeynab Soltani

; Abolghasem Heydarabadi *

; Manouchehr Pahlavan

, Fatemeh Hashemnejad Abrasi

236-248
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.3.14
Validation of the Family Economic Efficiency Model with a Cultural Approach, Emphasizing the Iranian-Islamic Lifestyle

Mojtaba Fakhari

; Ali Rashidpoor *

; Siamak Korang Beheshti

249-266
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.3.15
An Analysis of the Typology of Architectural Structures in Contemporary Iranian Mosques (Case Study: Mosques in the Cities of Sanandaj and Isfahan)

Ali Zeynali Azim *

; Ziba Tavakkoli Moghadam

267-286
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.3.16
Explanation and Analysis of Imam Khomeini's Stance on Pahlavi Policies Regarding Women, with an Emphasis on the Unveiling Policy

Hamideh Daneshjoo

; Hadi Vakili *

; Fatemeh Jan Ahmadi

287-304
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.3.17
A Study on Understanding the Phenomenon of Child Marriage Among Beneficiaries of the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation in Lorestan

Gholamreza Tajbakhsh *

; Behnaz Nadri

305-324
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.3.18
Analysis and Review of Ali Naghi Alikhani's Role in the Economic Transformations of the 1960s

Maryam Salari

; Soheila Torabi Farsani *

; Naser Jadidi

325-339
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.3.19
investigate the ways to attract and retain financial sponsors and benefactors of sportsmen in the field of women's sports.

Siroos Elyasi

; Seyyed Abbas Biniaz *

; Mehdi Naderi Nasab

340-355
- PDF
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.3.20

View All Issues

Journal of Social-Political Studies of Iran's Culture and History

The Legitimacy of the Safavid State and the Formation of Shi'a Religious Institutions

The Authoritarianism of the Umayyads and the Confrontation With the Hashemites

Examining the Life and Reasons for the Banishment of Abu al-Fath Busti from the Court of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni

Critical Factors of Slacktivists (Virtual Supporters) Regarding the COVID-19 Crisis in Iran

Examination of Educational Institutions and Centers in the History of Islam and Iran

Validation of the Family Economic Efficiency Model with a Cultural Approach, Emphasizing the Iranian-Islamic Lifestyle

Women's Political Participation in Mazandaran Province and the Socio-Cultural Factors Affecting It

Ispahbads of Tabarestan and Convergence with Islamic Civilization

About the Journal

Current Issue

Research

The Relationship Between Public Policy in the Domain of Public Economic Law Policy

Ethics-Oriented and Anti-Ethical Political Conduct of Rulers in the Political Society of Iran Based on Karen Horney's Theory: A Review of Historical Books

Confrontation and Cooperation between the Clergy and Constitutional Intellectuals

A Sociological Analysis of the Role of Good Governance in Social Cohesion (Case Study: Citizens of Garmsar City)

Explanation and Analysis of the Function of Religious Rites and Rituals in the Lives of Shia Iranians During the Qajar Period

تحلیل روش‌شناسی فضای مجازی و تأثیرات آن بر هویت و اقتدار سیاسی فرد

A Comparative Study of the Modernization of Cultural and Identity Components in Islamic Art with Emphasis on Globalization

The Role of the Second Pahlavi Government in the Establishment and Promotion of the Tourism Industry in the Persian Gulf

An Analytical Study of Multidimensional Poverty in Urban and Rural Areas of Iran

The Security Situation in the Pusht-e Kuh Government in the Late Qajar Era and the Role of Gholam Hossein Khan Shahab al-Mulk in It

An Approach to the Common Variables of Iranian Music and Architecture Based on Evidence from Architectural Facades of the Socio-Historical Qajar Period

The Impact of Security Arrangements in West Asian Countries on the National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran: A Copenhagen School Perspective

Economic Performance of Nasser Gholi Ardalan (Representative of Sanandaj in the Fourteenth to Sixteenth Terms of the National Consultative Assembly)

Women's Political Participation in Mazandaran Province and the Socio-Cultural Factors Affecting It

Validation of the Family Economic Efficiency Model with a Cultural Approach, Emphasizing the Iranian-Islamic Lifestyle

An Analysis of the Typology of Architectural Structures in Contemporary Iranian Mosques (Case Study: Mosques in the Cities of Sanandaj and Isfahan)

Explanation and Analysis of Imam Khomeini's Stance on Pahlavi Policies Regarding Women, with an Emphasis on the Unveiling Policy

A Study on Understanding the Phenomenon of Child Marriage Among Beneficiaries of the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation in Lorestan

Analysis and Review of Ali Naghi Alikhani's Role in the Economic Transformations of the 1960s

investigate the ways to attract and retain financial sponsors and benefactors of sportsmen in the field of women's sports.

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